3.1 Python日志介绍与应用.html 67 KB

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  173. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  174. 2.3 向量索引:HNSW、IVF与IVF_PQ
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  180. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  181. 2.4 Milvus向量数据库
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  192. ③ 基于Mysql库的问答系统
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  206. 3.1 Python日志介绍与应用
  207. </span>
  208. <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
  209. </label>
  210. <a href="3.1%20Python%E6%97%A5%E5%BF%97%E4%BB%8B%E7%BB%8D%E4%B8%8E%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8.html" class="md-nav__link md-nav__link--active">
  211. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  212. 3.1 Python日志介绍与应用
  213. </span>
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  216. <label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
  217. <span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
  218. 目录
  219. </label>
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  221. <li class="md-nav__item">
  222. <a href="#_1" class="md-nav__link">
  223. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  224. 学习目标
  225. </span>
  226. </a>
  227. </li>
  228. <li class="md-nav__item">
  229. <a href="#_2" class="md-nav__link">
  230. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  231. 一、日志记录概述
  232. </span>
  233. </a>
  234. <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="一、日志记录概述">
  235. <ul class="md-nav__list">
  236. <li class="md-nav__item">
  237. <a href="#1" class="md-nav__link">
  238. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  239. 1 概述
  240. </span>
  241. </a>
  242. </li>
  243. <li class="md-nav__item">
  244. <a href="#2" class="md-nav__link">
  245. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  246. 2 核心概念
  247. </span>
  248. </a>
  249. </li>
  250. </ul>
  251. </nav>
  252. </li>
  253. <li class="md-nav__item">
  254. <a href="#_3" class="md-nav__link">
  255. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  256. 二、基础日志记录
  257. </span>
  258. </a>
  259. <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="二、基础日志记录">
  260. <ul class="md-nav__list">
  261. <li class="md-nav__item">
  262. <a href="#1_1" class="md-nav__link">
  263. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  264. 1 目标
  265. </span>
  266. </a>
  267. </li>
  268. <li class="md-nav__item">
  269. <a href="#2_1" class="md-nav__link">
  270. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  271. 2 代码
  272. </span>
  273. </a>
  274. </li>
  275. <li class="md-nav__item">
  276. <a href="#3" class="md-nav__link">
  277. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  278. 3 运行结果
  279. </span>
  280. </a>
  281. </li>
  282. <li class="md-nav__item">
  283. <a href="#4" class="md-nav__link">
  284. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  285. 4 分析
  286. </span>
  287. </a>
  288. </li>
  289. </ul>
  290. </nav>
  291. </li>
  292. <li class="md-nav__item">
  293. <a href="#_4" class="md-nav__link">
  294. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  295. 三、自定义日志格式
  296. </span>
  297. </a>
  298. <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="三、自定义日志格式">
  299. <ul class="md-nav__list">
  300. <li class="md-nav__item">
  301. <a href="#1_2" class="md-nav__link">
  302. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  303. 1 目标
  304. </span>
  305. </a>
  306. </li>
  307. <li class="md-nav__item">
  308. <a href="#2_2" class="md-nav__link">
  309. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  310. 2 代码
  311. </span>
  312. </a>
  313. </li>
  314. <li class="md-nav__item">
  315. <a href="#3_1" class="md-nav__link">
  316. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  317. 3 运行结果
  318. </span>
  319. </a>
  320. </li>
  321. <li class="md-nav__item">
  322. <a href="#4_1" class="md-nav__link">
  323. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  324. 4 分析
  325. </span>
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  328. </ul>
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  330. </li>
  331. <li class="md-nav__item">
  332. <a href="#_5" class="md-nav__link">
  333. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  334. 四、将日志存储到文件
  335. </span>
  336. </a>
  337. <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="四、将日志存储到文件">
  338. <ul class="md-nav__list">
  339. <li class="md-nav__item">
  340. <a href="#1_3" class="md-nav__link">
  341. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  342. 1 目标
  343. </span>
  344. </a>
  345. </li>
  346. <li class="md-nav__item">
  347. <a href="#2_3" class="md-nav__link">
  348. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  349. 2 代码
  350. </span>
  351. </a>
  352. </li>
  353. <li class="md-nav__item">
  354. <a href="#3_2" class="md-nav__link">
  355. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  356. 3 运行结果
  357. </span>
  358. </a>
  359. </li>
  360. <li class="md-nav__item">
  361. <a href="#4_2" class="md-nav__link">
  362. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  363. 4 分析
  364. </span>
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  367. </ul>
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  369. </li>
  370. <li class="md-nav__item">
  371. <a href="#_6" class="md-nav__link">
  372. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  373. 五、同时输出到控制台和文件
  374. </span>
  375. </a>
  376. <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="五、同时输出到控制台和文件">
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  378. <li class="md-nav__item">
  379. <a href="#1_4" class="md-nav__link">
  380. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  381. 1 目标
  382. </span>
  383. </a>
  384. </li>
  385. <li class="md-nav__item">
  386. <a href="#2_4" class="md-nav__link">
  387. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  388. 2 代码
  389. </span>
  390. </a>
  391. </li>
  392. <li class="md-nav__item">
  393. <a href="#3_3" class="md-nav__link">
  394. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  395. 3 运行结果
  396. </span>
  397. </a>
  398. </li>
  399. <li class="md-nav__item">
  400. <a href="#4_3" class="md-nav__link">
  401. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  402. 4 分析
  403. </span>
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  408. </li>
  409. <li class="md-nav__item">
  410. <a href="#_7" class="md-nav__link">
  411. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  412. 六、代码实现
  413. </span>
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  415. <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="六、代码实现">
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  417. <li class="md-nav__item">
  418. <a href="#1_5" class="md-nav__link">
  419. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  420. 1 整体结构
  421. </span>
  422. </a>
  423. </li>
  424. <li class="md-nav__item">
  425. <a href="#2_5" class="md-nav__link">
  426. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  427. 2 具体模块
  428. </span>
  429. </a>
  430. <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="2 具体模块">
  431. <ul class="md-nav__list">
  432. <li class="md-nav__item">
  433. <a href="#21-utilsloggerpy" class="md-nav__link">
  434. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  435. 2.1 日志配置模块 (utils/logger.py)
  436. </span>
  437. </a>
  438. </li>
  439. <li class="md-nav__item">
  440. <a href="#22-mainpy" class="md-nav__link">
  441. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  442. 2.2 主程序 (main.py)
  443. </span>
  444. </a>
  445. </li>
  446. <li class="md-nav__item">
  447. <a href="#23" class="md-nav__link">
  448. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  449. 2.3 运行结果
  450. </span>
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  461. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  462. 本章小结
  463. </span>
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  466. <ul class="md-nav__list">
  467. <li class="md-nav__item">
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  469. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  470. 应用场景
  471. </span>
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  473. </li>
  474. </ul>
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  478. </nav>
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  482. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  483. 3.2 Redis数据库简介与使用
  484. </span>
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  486. </li>
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  488. <a href="3.3%20%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8EMysql%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F.html" class="md-nav__link">
  489. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  490. 3.3 基于Mysql数据库实现问答系统
  491. </span>
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  494. <li class="md-nav__item">
  495. <a href="3.4%20BM25%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B%E4%B8%8E%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8.html" class="md-nav__link">
  496. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  497. 3.4 BM25算法简介与应用
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  506. <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_5" id="__nav_5_label" tabindex="0">
  507. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  508. ④ 基于Milvus库的问答系统
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  511. </label>
  512. <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_5_label" aria-expanded="false">
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  520. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  521. 4.1 整体架构与工程流程
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  527. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  528. 4.2 基础模块
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  533. <a href="../%E2%91%A3%20%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8EMilvus%E5%BA%93%E7%9A%84%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F/4.3%20%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97.html" class="md-nav__link">
  534. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  535. 4.3 文档处理模块
  536. </span>
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  540. <a href="../%E2%91%A3%20%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8EMilvus%E5%BA%93%E7%9A%84%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F/4.4%20%E5%90%91%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%98%E5%82%A8.html" class="md-nav__link">
  541. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  542. 4.4 向量存储
  543. </span>
  544. </a>
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  546. <li class="md-nav__item"><a href="../%E2%91%A3%20%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8EMilvus%E5%BA%93%E7%9A%84%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F/4.5%20BERT%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E4%B8%8E%E4%BB%BB%E5%8A%A1%E5%BE%AE%E8%B0%83.html" class="md-nav__link"><span class="md-ellipsis">4.5 BERT基础与任务微调</span></a></li><li class="md-nav__item">
  547. <a href="../%E2%91%A3%20%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8EMilvus%E5%BA%93%E7%9A%84%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F/4.6%20prompts%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E4%B8%8Equery%E6%84%8F%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB.html" class="md-nav__link">
  548. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  549. 4.6 prompts设计与query意图识别
  550. </span>
  551. </a>
  552. </li>
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  554. <a href="../%E2%91%A3%20%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8EMilvus%E5%BA%93%E7%9A%84%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F/4.7%20%E6%A3%80%E7%B4%A2%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5%E4%B8%8ERAG%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1.html" class="md-nav__link">
  555. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  556. 4.7 检索策略与RAG系统设计
  557. </span>
  558. </a>
  559. </li>
  560. <li class="md-nav__item">
  561. <a href="../%E2%91%A3%20%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8EMilvus%E5%BA%93%E7%9A%84%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F/4.8%20RAG%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8C.html" class="md-nav__link">
  562. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  563. 4.8 RAG系统运行
  564. </span>
  565. </a>
  566. </li>
  567. <li class="md-nav__item">
  568. <a href="../%E2%91%A3%20%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8EMilvus%E5%BA%93%E7%9A%84%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F/4.9%20%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%28%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99%29.html" class="md-nav__link">
  569. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  570. 4.9 文档解析工具(扩展资料)
  571. </span>
  572. </a>
  573. </li>
  574. <li class="md-nav__item">
  575. <a href="../%E2%91%A3%20%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8EMilvus%E5%BA%93%E7%9A%84%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F/4.10%20RAG%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84Query%E6%94%B9%E5%86%99%28%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99%29.html" class="md-nav__link">
  576. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  577. 4.10 RAG中的Query改写(扩展资料)
  578. </span>
  579. </a>
  580. </li>
  581. <li class="md-nav__item">
  582. <a href="../%E2%91%A3%20%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8EMilvus%E5%BA%93%E7%9A%84%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%9B%86%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E4%B8%8E%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%28%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99%29.html" class="md-nav__link">
  583. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  584. 数据集生成与优化(扩展资料)
  585. </span>
  586. </a>
  587. </li>
  588. </ul>
  589. </nav>
  590. </li>
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  593. <label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_6" id="__nav_6_label" tabindex="0">
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  595. ⑤ RAG系统评估
  596. </span>
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  598. </label>
  599. <nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_6_label" aria-expanded="false">
  600. <label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_6">
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  660. 6.3 基于 FastAPI 的 FAQ 与知识库查询接口
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  667. 6.4 FastAPI和Flask的区别和联系(扩展资料)
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  690. <span class="md-ellipsis">
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  697. <span class="md-ellipsis">
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  719. <li class="md-nav__item">
  720. <a href="#_1" class="md-nav__link">
  721. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  722. 学习目标
  723. </span>
  724. </a>
  725. </li>
  726. <li class="md-nav__item">
  727. <a href="#_2" class="md-nav__link">
  728. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  729. 一、日志记录概述
  730. </span>
  731. </a>
  732. <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="一、日志记录概述">
  733. <ul class="md-nav__list">
  734. <li class="md-nav__item">
  735. <a href="#1" class="md-nav__link">
  736. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  737. 1 概述
  738. </span>
  739. </a>
  740. </li>
  741. <li class="md-nav__item">
  742. <a href="#2" class="md-nav__link">
  743. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  744. 2 核心概念
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  751. <li class="md-nav__item">
  752. <a href="#_3" class="md-nav__link">
  753. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  754. 二、基础日志记录
  755. </span>
  756. </a>
  757. <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="二、基础日志记录">
  758. <ul class="md-nav__list">
  759. <li class="md-nav__item">
  760. <a href="#1_1" class="md-nav__link">
  761. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  762. 1 目标
  763. </span>
  764. </a>
  765. </li>
  766. <li class="md-nav__item">
  767. <a href="#2_1" class="md-nav__link">
  768. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  769. 2 代码
  770. </span>
  771. </a>
  772. </li>
  773. <li class="md-nav__item">
  774. <a href="#3" class="md-nav__link">
  775. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  776. 3 运行结果
  777. </span>
  778. </a>
  779. </li>
  780. <li class="md-nav__item">
  781. <a href="#4" class="md-nav__link">
  782. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  783. 4 分析
  784. </span>
  785. </a>
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  790. <li class="md-nav__item">
  791. <a href="#_4" class="md-nav__link">
  792. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  793. 三、自定义日志格式
  794. </span>
  795. </a>
  796. <nav class="md-nav" aria-label="三、自定义日志格式">
  797. <ul class="md-nav__list">
  798. <li class="md-nav__item">
  799. <a href="#1_2" class="md-nav__link">
  800. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  801. 1 目标
  802. </span>
  803. </a>
  804. </li>
  805. <li class="md-nav__item">
  806. <a href="#2_2" class="md-nav__link">
  807. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  808. 2 代码
  809. </span>
  810. </a>
  811. </li>
  812. <li class="md-nav__item">
  813. <a href="#3_1" class="md-nav__link">
  814. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  815. 3 运行结果
  816. </span>
  817. </a>
  818. </li>
  819. <li class="md-nav__item">
  820. <a href="#4_1" class="md-nav__link">
  821. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  822. 4 分析
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  829. <li class="md-nav__item">
  830. <a href="#_5" class="md-nav__link">
  831. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  832. 四、将日志存储到文件
  833. </span>
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  837. <li class="md-nav__item">
  838. <a href="#1_3" class="md-nav__link">
  839. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  840. 1 目标
  841. </span>
  842. </a>
  843. </li>
  844. <li class="md-nav__item">
  845. <a href="#2_3" class="md-nav__link">
  846. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  847. 2 代码
  848. </span>
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  850. </li>
  851. <li class="md-nav__item">
  852. <a href="#3_2" class="md-nav__link">
  853. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  854. 3 运行结果
  855. </span>
  856. </a>
  857. </li>
  858. <li class="md-nav__item">
  859. <a href="#4_2" class="md-nav__link">
  860. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  861. 4 分析
  862. </span>
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  868. <li class="md-nav__item">
  869. <a href="#_6" class="md-nav__link">
  870. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  871. 五、同时输出到控制台和文件
  872. </span>
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  876. <li class="md-nav__item">
  877. <a href="#1_4" class="md-nav__link">
  878. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  879. 1 目标
  880. </span>
  881. </a>
  882. </li>
  883. <li class="md-nav__item">
  884. <a href="#2_4" class="md-nav__link">
  885. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  886. 2 代码
  887. </span>
  888. </a>
  889. </li>
  890. <li class="md-nav__item">
  891. <a href="#3_3" class="md-nav__link">
  892. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  893. 3 运行结果
  894. </span>
  895. </a>
  896. </li>
  897. <li class="md-nav__item">
  898. <a href="#4_3" class="md-nav__link">
  899. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  900. 4 分析
  901. </span>
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  907. <li class="md-nav__item">
  908. <a href="#_7" class="md-nav__link">
  909. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  910. 六、代码实现
  911. </span>
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  915. <li class="md-nav__item">
  916. <a href="#1_5" class="md-nav__link">
  917. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  918. 1 整体结构
  919. </span>
  920. </a>
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  922. <li class="md-nav__item">
  923. <a href="#2_5" class="md-nav__link">
  924. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  925. 2 具体模块
  926. </span>
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  930. <li class="md-nav__item">
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  932. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  933. 2.1 日志配置模块 (utils/logger.py)
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  937. <li class="md-nav__item">
  938. <a href="#22-mainpy" class="md-nav__link">
  939. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  940. 2.2 主程序 (main.py)
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  945. <a href="#23" class="md-nav__link">
  946. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  947. 2.3 运行结果
  948. </span>
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  959. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  960. 本章小结
  961. </span>
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  965. <li class="md-nav__item">
  966. <a href="#_9" class="md-nav__link">
  967. <span class="md-ellipsis">
  968. 应用场景
  969. </span>
  970. </a>
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  980. <div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
  981. <article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
  982. <h1>3.1 Python日志介绍与应用</h1>
  983. <h2 id="_1">学习目标<a class="headerlink" href="#_1" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
  984. <ol>
  985. <li>理解日志记录的作用及其在程序开发中的重要性。</li>
  986. <li>掌握Python <code>logging</code> 模块的基本用法。</li>
  987. <li>学会通过示例配置日志级别、格式,并将日志存储到文件中。</li>
  988. <li>在工程化项目中应用日志记录,追踪程序运行状态。</li>
  989. </ol>
  990. <hr>
  991. <h2 id="_2">一、日志记录概述<a class="headerlink" href="#_2" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
  992. <h3 id="1">1 概述<a class="headerlink" href="#1" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
  993. <p>日志(Logging)是程序运行时记录关键信息的一种方式,例如操作成功、错误发生或调试信息。它在开发和维护中非常重要,因为:</p>
  994. <ul>
  995. <li>
  996. <p><strong>调试</strong>:帮助找到代码中的问题。</p>
  997. </li>
  998. <li>
  999. <p><strong>监控</strong>:记录程序的运行状态。</p>
  1000. </li>
  1001. <li><strong>审计</strong>:追踪用户或系统的行为。</li>
  1002. </ul>
  1003. <p>Python的<code>logging</code>模块是一个内置工具,提供灵活的日志记录功能,比简单的<code>print</code>语句更强大。</p>
  1004. <h3 id="2">2 核心概念<a class="headerlink" href="#2" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
  1005. <ol>
  1006. <li><strong>日志级别</strong>:表示日志的重要性,常见级别从低到高:</li>
  1007. <li><code>DEBUG</code>:调试信息(最低)。</li>
  1008. <li><code>INFO</code>:一般信息。</li>
  1009. <li><code>WARNING</code>:警告,可能有问题。</li>
  1010. <li><code>ERROR</code>:错误,已影响程序。</li>
  1011. <li><code>CRITICAL</code>:严重错误(最高)。</li>
  1012. <li><strong>日志处理器(Handler)</strong>:决定日志输出到哪里(如控制台或文件)。</li>
  1013. <li><strong>日志格式(Formatter)</strong>:定义日志的显示样式(如时间、级别、消息)。</li>
  1014. </ol>
  1015. <hr>
  1016. <h2 id="_3">二、基础日志记录<a class="headerlink" href="#_3" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
  1017. <h3 id="1_1">1 目标<a class="headerlink" href="#1_1" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
  1018. <p>通过简单示例展示如何记录日志到控制台。</p>
  1019. <h3 id="2_1">2 代码<a class="headerlink" href="#2_1" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
  1020. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">logging</span>
  1021. <span class="c1"># 配置基本的日志设置</span>
  1022. <span class="n">logging</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">basicConfig</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">level</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">logging</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">INFO</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1023. <span class="c1"># 获取日志记录器</span>
  1024. <span class="n">logger</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">logging</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getLogger</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Example1"</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1025. <span class="c1"># 记录不同级别的日志</span>
  1026. <span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">debug</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"这是调试信息,通常用于开发"</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1027. <span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">info</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"程序运行正常"</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1028. <span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">warning</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"注意,可能有小问题"</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1029. <span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"发生错误"</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1030. <span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">critical</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"严重错误,程序可能崩溃"</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1031. </code></pre></div>
  1032. <h3 id="3">3 运行结果<a class="headerlink" href="#3" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
  1033. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>2025-04-01 10:00:00,123 INFO Example1: 程序运行正常
  1034. 2025-04-01 10:00:00,124 WARNING Example1: 注意,可能有小问题
  1035. 2025-04-01 10:00:00,125 ERROR Example1: 发生错误
  1036. 2025-04-01 10:00:00,126 CRITICAL Example1: 严重错误,程序可能崩溃
  1037. </code></pre></div>
  1038. <h3 id="4">4 分析<a class="headerlink" href="#4" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
  1039. <ul>
  1040. <li><code>basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)</code>设置最低记录级别为<code>INFO</code>,因此<code>DEBUG</code>信息未显示。</li>
  1041. <li>日志默认输出到控制台,格式为<code>时间 级别 名称: 消息</code>。</li>
  1042. </ul>
  1043. <hr>
  1044. <h2 id="_4">三、自定义日志格式<a class="headerlink" href="#_4" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
  1045. <h3 id="1_2">1 目标<a class="headerlink" href="#1_2" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
  1046. <p>自定义日志输出格式,添加时间和级别。</p>
  1047. <h3 id="2_2">2 代码<a class="headerlink" href="#2_2" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
  1048. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">logging</span>
  1049. <span class="c1"># 配置日志格式</span>
  1050. <span class="n">logging</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">basicConfig</span><span class="p">(</span>
  1051. <span class="n">level</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">logging</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DEBUG</span><span class="p">,</span>
  1052. <span class="nb">format</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="si">%(asctime)s</span><span class="s1"> - </span><span class="si">%(levelname)s</span><span class="s1"> - </span><span class="si">%(message)s</span><span class="s1">'</span>
  1053. <span class="p">)</span>
  1054. <span class="c1"># 获取日志记录器</span>
  1055. <span class="n">logger</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">logging</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getLogger</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Example2"</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1056. <span class="c1"># 记录日志</span>
  1057. <span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">debug</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"调试模式已开启"</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1058. <span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">info</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"正在处理数据"</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1059. <span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"数据处理失败"</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1060. </code></pre></div>
  1061. <h3 id="3_1">3 运行结果<a class="headerlink" href="#3_1" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
  1062. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>2025-04-01 10:00:00,123 - DEBUG - 调试模式已开启
  1063. 2025-04-01 10:00:00,124 - INFO - 正在处理数据
  1064. 2025-04-01 10:00:00,125 - ERROR - 数据处理失败
  1065. </code></pre></div>
  1066. <h3 id="4_1">4 分析<a class="headerlink" href="#4_1" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
  1067. <ul>
  1068. <li><code>format</code>参数使用占位符:</li>
  1069. <li><code>%(asctime)s</code>:记录时间。</li>
  1070. <li><code>%(levelname)s</code>:日志级别。</li>
  1071. <li><code>%(message)s</code>:日志消息。</li>
  1072. <li>级别设为<code>DEBUG</code>,所有日志都显示。</li>
  1073. </ul>
  1074. <hr>
  1075. <h2 id="_5">四、将日志存储到文件<a class="headerlink" href="#_5" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
  1076. <h3 id="1_3">1 目标<a class="headerlink" href="#1_3" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
  1077. <p>将日志保存到文件中,便于后续查看。</p>
  1078. <h3 id="2_3">2 代码<a class="headerlink" href="#2_3" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
  1079. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">logging</span>
  1080. <span class="c1"># 配置日志,输出到文件</span>
  1081. <span class="n">logging</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">basicConfig</span><span class="p">(</span>
  1082. <span class="n">level</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">logging</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">INFO</span><span class="p">,</span>
  1083. <span class="nb">format</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="si">%(asctime)s</span><span class="s1"> - </span><span class="si">%(levelname)s</span><span class="s1"> - </span><span class="si">%(message)s</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="p">,</span>
  1084. <span class="n">filename</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'app.log'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c1"># 日志文件路径</span>
  1085. <span class="n">filemode</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'a'</span> <span class="c1"># 'a'表示追加,'w'表示覆盖</span>
  1086. <span class="p">)</span>
  1087. <span class="c1"># 获取日志记录器</span>
  1088. <span class="n">logger</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">logging</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getLogger</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Example3"</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1089. <span class="c1"># 记录日志</span>
  1090. <span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">info</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"程序启动"</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1091. <span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">warning</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"内存使用率较高"</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1092. <span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"无法连接数据库"</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1093. </code></pre></div>
  1094. <h3 id="3_2">3 运行结果<a class="headerlink" href="#3_2" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
  1095. <ul>
  1096. <li>控制台无输出,日志写入<code>app.log</code>文件:
  1097. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>2025-04-01 10:00:00,123 - INFO - 程序启动
  1098. 2025-04-01 10:00:00,124 - WARNING - 内存使用率较高
  1099. 2025-04-01 10:00:00,125 - ERROR - 无法连接数据库
  1100. </code></pre></div></li>
  1101. </ul>
  1102. <h3 id="4_2">4 分析<a class="headerlink" href="#4_2" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
  1103. <ul>
  1104. <li><code>filename</code>指定日志文件路径。</li>
  1105. <li><code>filemode='a'</code>确保日志追加写入,不覆盖之前的内容。</li>
  1106. </ul>
  1107. <hr>
  1108. <h2 id="_6">五、同时输出到控制台和文件<a class="headerlink" href="#_6" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
  1109. <h3 id="1_4">1 目标<a class="headerlink" href="#1_4" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
  1110. <p>将日志同时记录到控制台和文件中。</p>
  1111. <h3 id="2_4">2 代码<a class="headerlink" href="#2_4" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
  1112. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">logging</span>
  1113. <span class="c1"># 创建日志记录器</span>
  1114. <span class="n">logger</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">logging</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getLogger</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Example4"</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1115. <span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setLevel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">logging</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DEBUG</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># 设置记录器级别</span>
  1116. <span class="c1"># 创建控制台处理器</span>
  1117. <span class="n">console_handler</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">logging</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">StreamHandler</span><span class="p">()</span>
  1118. <span class="n">console_handler</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setLevel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">logging</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">INFO</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># 控制台显示INFO及以上级别</span>
  1119. <span class="c1"># 创建文件处理器</span>
  1120. <span class="n">file_handler</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">logging</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">FileHandler</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'app.log'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mode</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'a'</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1121. <span class="n">file_handler</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setLevel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">logging</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DEBUG</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># 文件记录DEBUG及以上级别</span>
  1122. <span class="c1"># 定义日志格式</span>
  1123. <span class="n">formatter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">logging</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Formatter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="si">%(asctime)s</span><span class="s1"> - </span><span class="si">%(levelname)s</span><span class="s1"> - </span><span class="si">%(message)s</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1124. <span class="c1"># 为处理器设置格式</span>
  1125. <span class="n">console_handler</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setFormatter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">formatter</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1126. <span class="n">file_handler</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setFormatter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">formatter</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1127. <span class="c1"># 将处理器添加到记录器</span>
  1128. <span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">addHandler</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">console_handler</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1129. <span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">addHandler</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">file_handler</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1130. <span class="c1"># 记录日志</span>
  1131. <span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">debug</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"调试信息,仅写入文件"</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1132. <span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">info</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"程序运行正常"</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1133. <span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"发生错误"</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1134. </code></pre></div>
  1135. <h3 id="3_3">3 运行结果<a class="headerlink" href="#3_3" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
  1136. <ul>
  1137. <li><strong>控制台输出</strong>:
  1138. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>2025-04-01 10:00:00,123 - INFO - 程序运行正常
  1139. 2025-04-01 10:00:00,124 - ERROR - 发生错误
  1140. </code></pre></div></li>
  1141. <li><strong>app.log文件内容</strong>:
  1142. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>2025-04-01 10:00:00,123 - DEBUG - 调试信息,仅写入文件
  1143. 2025-04-01 10:00:00,124 - INFO - 程序运行正常
  1144. 2025-04-01 10:00:00,125 - ERROR - 发生错误
  1145. </code></pre></div></li>
  1146. </ul>
  1147. <h3 id="4_3">4 分析<a class="headerlink" href="#4_3" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
  1148. <ul>
  1149. <li>使用<code>Handler</code>分别控制输出目标:</li>
  1150. <li><code>StreamHandler</code>:输出到控制台。</li>
  1151. <li><code>FileHandler</code>:输出到文件。</li>
  1152. <li>不同处理器可设置不同级别,灵活性更高。</li>
  1153. </ul>
  1154. <hr>
  1155. <h2 id="_7">六、代码实现<a class="headerlink" href="#_7" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
  1156. <h3 id="1_5">1 整体结构<a class="headerlink" href="#1_5" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
  1157. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>logging_lesson/
  1158. ├── logs/
  1159. │ └── app.log # 日志文件
  1160. ├── utils/
  1161. │ └── logger.py # 日志配置模块
  1162. ├── main.py # 主程序入口
  1163. └── requirements.txt # 依赖文件(本例无需额外依赖)
  1164. </code></pre></div>
  1165. <h3 id="2_5">2 具体模块<a class="headerlink" href="#2_5" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
  1166. <h4 id="21-utilsloggerpy">2.1 日志配置模块 (<code>utils/logger.py</code>)<a class="headerlink" href="#21-utilsloggerpy" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h4>
  1167. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">logging</span>
  1168. <span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">os</span>
  1169. <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">setup_logger</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">log_file</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'logs/app.log'</span><span class="p">):</span>
  1170. <span class="c1"># 确保日志目录存在</span>
  1171. <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">makedirs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dirname</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">log_file</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">exist_ok</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1172. <span class="c1"># 创建日志记录器</span>
  1173. <span class="n">logger</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">logging</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getLogger</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1174. <span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setLevel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">logging</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DEBUG</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># 设置最低级别</span>
  1175. <span class="c1"># 创建控制台处理器</span>
  1176. <span class="n">console_handler</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">logging</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">StreamHandler</span><span class="p">()</span>
  1177. <span class="n">console_handler</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setLevel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">logging</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">INFO</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1178. <span class="c1"># 创建文件处理器</span>
  1179. <span class="n">file_handler</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">logging</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">FileHandler</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">log_file</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mode</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'a'</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1180. <span class="n">file_handler</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setLevel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">logging</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DEBUG</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1181. <span class="c1"># 定义日志格式</span>
  1182. <span class="n">formatter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">logging</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Formatter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="si">%(asctime)s</span><span class="s1"> - </span><span class="si">%(levelname)s</span><span class="s1"> - </span><span class="si">%(name)s</span><span class="s1"> - </span><span class="si">%(message)s</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1183. <span class="c1"># 设置处理器格式</span>
  1184. <span class="n">console_handler</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setFormatter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">formatter</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1185. <span class="n">file_handler</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">setFormatter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">formatter</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1186. <span class="c1"># 添加处理器(避免重复添加)</span>
  1187. <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">handlers</span><span class="p">:</span>
  1188. <span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">addHandler</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">console_handler</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1189. <span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">addHandler</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">file_handler</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1190. <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">logger</span>
  1191. </code></pre></div>
  1192. <h4 id="22-mainpy">2.2 主程序 (<code>main.py</code>)<a class="headerlink" href="#22-mainpy" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h4>
  1193. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">utils.logger</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">setup_logger</span>
  1194. <span class="c1"># 初始化日志记录器</span>
  1195. <span class="n">logger</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">setup_logger</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"MainApp"</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1196. <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">process_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">):</span>
  1197. <span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">debug</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">"开始处理数据: </span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1198. <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="p">:</span>
  1199. <span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"数据为空,无法处理"</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1200. <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">None</span>
  1201. <span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">info</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"数据处理完成"</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1202. <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">upper</span><span class="p">()</span>
  1203. <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">():</span>
  1204. <span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">info</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"程序启动"</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1205. <span class="n">result</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">process_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"hello"</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1206. <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">result</span><span class="p">:</span>
  1207. <span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">info</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">"处理结果: </span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">result</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1208. <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
  1209. <span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">warning</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"处理失败"</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1210. <span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">info</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"程序结束"</span><span class="p">)</span>
  1211. <span class="k">if</span> <span class="vm">__name__</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">"__main__"</span><span class="p">:</span>
  1212. <span class="n">main</span><span class="p">()</span>
  1213. </code></pre></div>
  1214. <h4 id="23">2.3 运行结果<a class="headerlink" href="#23" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h4>
  1215. <ul>
  1216. <li><strong>控制台输出</strong>:
  1217. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>2025-04-01 10:00:00,123 - INFO - MainApp - 程序启动
  1218. 2025-04-01 10:00:00,124 - INFO - MainApp - 数据处理完成
  1219. 2025-04-01 10:00:00,125 - INFO - MainApp - 处理结果: HELLO
  1220. 2025-04-01 10:00:00,126 - INFO - MainApp - 程序结束
  1221. </code></pre></div></li>
  1222. <li><strong>logs/app.log 文件内容</strong>:
  1223. <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>2025-04-01 10:00:00,123 - INFO - MainApp - 程序启动
  1224. 2025-04-01 10:00:00,124 - DEBUG - MainApp - 开始处理数据: hello
  1225. 2025-04-01 10:00:00,125 - INFO - MainApp - 数据处理完成
  1226. 2025-04-01 10:00:00,126 - INFO - MainApp - 处理结果: HELLO
  1227. 2025-04-01 10:00:00,127 - INFO - MainApp - 程序结束
  1228. </code></pre></div></li>
  1229. </ul>
  1230. <hr>
  1231. <h2 id="_8">本章小结<a class="headerlink" href="#_8" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
  1232. <p>本课通过示例讲解了Python <code>logging</code> 模块的使用:</p>
  1233. <ul>
  1234. <li>
  1235. <p><strong>基础</strong>:使用<code>basicConfig</code>快速配置日志。</p>
  1236. </li>
  1237. <li>
  1238. <p><strong>自定义</strong>:设置格式、级别和输出目标。</p>
  1239. </li>
  1240. <li><strong>存储</strong>:将日志保存到文件,同时支持控制台输出。</li>
  1241. <li><strong>工程化</strong>:封装日志配置为模块,便于复用。</li>
  1242. </ul>
  1243. <h3 id="_9">应用场景<a class="headerlink" href="#_9" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
  1244. <ul>
  1245. <li>在QA系统中,记录数据库连接、检索结果等状态。</li>
  1246. <li>调试时使用<code>DEBUG</code>级别,生产环境调整为<code>INFO</code>或<code>ERROR</code>。</li>
  1247. </ul>
  1248. </article>
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