zengli
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coding-agent


			
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  <h1>4.3 文档处理模块</h1>

<h2 id="_1">学习目标<a class="headerlink" href="#_1" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
<ul>
<li>1.了解不通类型文档处理的基本逻辑。</li>
<li>2.掌握文档加载和分块的基本原理。</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h2 id="_2">一、文档解析<a class="headerlink" href="#_2" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
<h3 id="1">1 基本介绍<a class="headerlink" href="#1" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
<p><code>document_processor.py</code>是企业知识库RAG系统的核心模块之一，用于文档解析。</p>
<p>主要负责加载多种格式的文档（如<code>.txt</code>、<code>.pdf</code>等），并对其进行分层切分，生成父块和子块，为后续的向量存储和检索做好准备。</p>
<h3 id="2">2 代码实现<a class="headerlink" href="#2" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1"># core/document_processor.py</span>
<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">os</span>
<span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">langchain_community.document_loaders</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">TextLoader</span>
<span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">langchain_community.document_loaders.markdown</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">UnstructuredMarkdownLoader</span>
<span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">langchain_text_splitters</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">MarkdownTextSplitter</span>
<span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">datetime</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">datetime</span>
<span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">rag_qa.kb_text_spliter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">ChineseRecursiveTextSplitter</span>
<span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">rag_qa.kb_text_spliter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">AliTextSplitter</span>
<span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">rag_qa.kb_document_loaders</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">OCRPDFLoader</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">OCRDOCLoader</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">OCRPPTLoader</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">OCRIMGLoader</span>
<span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">base.config</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">config</span>
<span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">base.logger</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">logger</span>

<span class="n">conf</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Config</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1"># 定义支持的文件类型及其对应的加载器字典</span>
<span class="n">document_loaders</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span>
    <span class="c1"># 文本文件使用 TextLoader</span>
    <span class="s2">".txt"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">TextLoader</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="c1"># PDF 文件使用 OCRPDFLoader</span>
    <span class="s2">".pdf"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">OCRPDFLoader</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="c1"># Word 文件使用 OCRDOCLoader</span>
    <span class="s2">".docx"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">OCRDOCLoader</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="c1"># PPT 文件使用 OCRPPTLoader</span>
    <span class="s2">".ppt"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">OCRPPTLoader</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="c1"># PPTX 文件使用 OCRPPTLoader</span>
    <span class="s2">".pptx"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">OCRPPTLoader</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="c1"># JPG 文件使用 OCRIMGLoader</span>
    <span class="s2">".jpg"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">OCRIMGLoader</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="c1"># PNG 文件使用 OCRIMGLoader</span>
    <span class="s2">".png"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">OCRIMGLoader</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="c1"># Markdown 文件使用 UnstructuredMarkdownLoader</span>
    <span class="s2">".md"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">UnstructuredMarkdownLoader</span>
<span class="p">}</span>

<span class="c1"># 定义函数，从指定文件夹加载多种类型文件并添加元数据</span>
<span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">load_documents_from_directory</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">directory_path</span><span class="p">):</span>
    <span class="c1"># 初始化空列表，用于存储加载的文档</span>
    <span class="n">documents</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
    <span class="c1"># 获取支持的文件扩展名集合</span>
    <span class="n">supported_extensions</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">document_loaders</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">keys</span><span class="p">()</span>
    <span class="c1"># 从目录名提取知识域（如 "enterprise_data" -&gt; "enterprise"）</span>
    <span class="n">source</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">basename</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">directory_path</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">replace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"_data"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">""</span><span class="p">)</span>

    <span class="c1"># 遍历指定目录及其子目录</span>
    <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">root</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">files</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">walk</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">directory_path</span><span class="p">):</span>
        <span class="c1"># 遍历当前目录下的所有文件</span>
        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">file</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">files</span><span class="p">:</span>
            <span class="c1"># 构造文件的完整路径</span>
            <span class="n">file_path</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">file</span><span class="p">)</span>
            <span class="c1"># 获取文件扩展名并转换为小写</span>
            <span class="n">file_extension</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">splitext</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">file_path</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lower</span><span class="p">()</span>
            <span class="c1"># 检查文件类型是否在支持的扩展名列表中</span>
            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">file_extension</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">supported_extensions</span><span class="p">:</span>
                <span class="c1"># 使用 try-except 捕获加载过程中的异常</span>
                <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
                    <span class="c1"># 根据文件扩展名获取对应的加载器类</span>
                    <span class="n">loader_class</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">document_loaders</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">file_extension</span><span class="p">]</span>
                    <span class="c1"># 实例化加载器对象，传入文件路径</span>
                    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">file_extension</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">".txt"</span><span class="p">:</span>
                        <span class="n">loader</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">loader_class</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">file_path</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">encoding</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"utf-8"</span><span class="p">)</span>
                    <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
                        <span class="n">loader</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">loader_class</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">file_path</span><span class="p">)</span>
                    <span class="c1"># 调用加载器加载文档内容，返回文档列表</span>
                    <span class="n">loaded_docs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">loader</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load</span><span class="p">()</span>
                    <span class="c1"># 遍历加载的每个文档</span>
                    <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">doc</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">loaded_docs</span><span class="p">:</span>
                        <span class="c1"># 为文档添加知识域元数据</span>
                        <span class="n">doc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">metadata</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"source"</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">source</span>
                        <span class="c1"># 为文档添加文件路径元数据</span>
                        <span class="n">doc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">metadata</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"file_path"</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">file_path</span>
                        <span class="c1"># 为文档添加当前时间戳元数据</span>
                        <span class="n">doc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">metadata</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"timestamp"</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">datetime</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">now</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isoformat</span><span class="p">()</span>
                    <span class="c1"># 将加载的文档添加到总列表中</span>
                    <span class="n">documents</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">extend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">loaded_docs</span><span class="p">)</span>
                    <span class="c1"># 记录成功加载文件的日志</span>
                    <span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">info</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">"成功加载文件: </span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">file_path</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="p">)</span>
                <span class="c1"># 捕获加载过程中可能出现的异常</span>
                <span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">Exception</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
                    <span class="c1"># 记录加载失败的日志，包含错误信息</span>
                    <span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">"加载文件 </span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">file_path</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2"> 失败: </span><span class="si">{</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="p">)</span>
            <span class="c1"># 如果文件类型不在支持列表中</span>
            <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
                <span class="c1"># 记录警告日志，提示不支持的文件类型</span>
                <span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">warning</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">"不支持的文件类型: </span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">file_path</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="c1"># 返回加载的所有文档列表</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">documents</span>

<span class="c1"># 定义函数，处理文档并进行分层切分，返回子块结果</span>
<span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">process_documents</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">directory_path</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">parent_chunk_size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">conf</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PARENT_CHUNK_SIZE</span><span class="p">,</span>
                     <span class="n">child_chunk_size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">conf</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CHILD_CHUNK_SIZE</span><span class="p">,</span>
                     <span class="n">chunk_overlap</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">conf</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CHUNK_OVERLAP</span><span class="p">):</span>
    <span class="c1"># 从指定目录加载所有文档</span>
    <span class="n">documents</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">load_documents_from_directory</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">directory_path</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="c1"># 记录加载的文档总数日志</span>
    <span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">info</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">"加载的文档数量: </span><span class="si">{</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">documents</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="p">)</span>

    <span class="c1"># 初始化父块和子块分词器（通用）</span>
    <span class="n">parent_splitter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ChineseRecursiveTextSplitter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">chunk_size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">parent_chunk_size</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">chunk_overlap</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">chunk_overlap</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="n">child_splitter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ChineseRecursiveTextSplitter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">chunk_size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">child_chunk_size</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">chunk_overlap</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">chunk_overlap</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="c1"># 初始化 Markdown 专用分词器</span>
    <span class="n">markdown_parent_splitter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">MarkdownTextSplitter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">chunk_size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">parent_chunk_size</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">chunk_overlap</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">chunk_overlap</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="n">markdown_child_splitter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">MarkdownTextSplitter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">chunk_size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">child_chunk_size</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">chunk_overlap</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">chunk_overlap</span><span class="p">)</span>

    <span class="c1"># 初始化空列表，用于存储所有子块</span>
    <span class="n">child_chunks</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
    <span class="c1"># 遍历每个原始文档，带上索引 i</span>
    <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">doc</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">enumerate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">documents</span><span class="p">):</span>
        <span class="c1"># print(doc)</span>
        <span class="c1"># 获取文件扩展名</span>
        <span class="n">file_extension</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">splitext</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">doc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">metadata</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"file_path"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">""</span><span class="p">))[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">lower</span><span class="p">()</span>

        <span class="c1"># 选择切分器</span>
        <span class="n">is_markdown</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">file_extension</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">".md"</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">parent_splitter_to_use</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">markdown_parent_splitter</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">is_markdown</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="n">parent_splitter</span>
        <span class="c1"># print(f'parent_splitter_to_use--&gt;{parent_splitter_to_use}')</span>
        <span class="n">child_splitter_to_use</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">markdown_child_splitter</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">is_markdown</span> <span class="k">else</span> <span class="n">child_splitter</span>
        <span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">info</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">"处理文档: </span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">doc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">metadata</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'file_path'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">, 使用切分器: </span><span class="si">{</span><span class="s1">'Markdown'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">is_markdown</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">'ChineseRecursive'</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="p">)</span>

        <span class="c1"># 使用父块分词器将文档切分为父块</span>
        <span class="n">parent_docs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">parent_splitter_to_use</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split_documents</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">doc</span><span class="p">])</span>
        <span class="c1"># 遍历每个父块，带上索引 j</span>
        <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">j</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">parent_doc</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">enumerate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">parent_docs</span><span class="p">):</span>
            <span class="c1"># 为父块生成唯一 ID，格式为 "doc_i_parent_j"</span>
            <span class="n">parent_id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">"doc_</span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">_parent_</span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span>
            <span class="c1"># 将父块 ID 添加到元数据</span>
            <span class="n">parent_doc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">metadata</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"parent_id"</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">parent_id</span>
            <span class="c1"># 将父块内容存储到元数据</span>
            <span class="n">parent_doc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">metadata</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"parent_content"</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">parent_doc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">page_content</span>

            <span class="c1"># 使用子块分词器将父块切分为子块</span>
            <span class="n">sub_chunks</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">child_splitter_to_use</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split_documents</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="n">parent_doc</span><span class="p">])</span>
            <span class="c1"># 遍历每个子块，带上索引 k</span>
            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sub_chunk</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">enumerate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sub_chunks</span><span class="p">):</span>
                <span class="c1"># 为子块添加父块 ID 到元数据</span>
                <span class="n">sub_chunk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">metadata</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"parent_id"</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">parent_id</span>
                <span class="c1"># 为子块添加父块内容到元数据</span>
                <span class="n">sub_chunk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">metadata</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"parent_content"</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">parent_doc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">page_content</span>
                <span class="c1"># 为子块生成唯一 ID，格式为 "parent_id_child_k"</span>
                <span class="n">sub_chunk</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">metadata</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"id"</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">parent_id</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">_child_</span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span>
                <span class="c1"># 将子块添加到子块列表中</span>
                <span class="n">child_chunks</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sub_chunk</span><span class="p">)</span>

    <span class="c1"># 记录子块总数日志</span>
    <span class="n">logger</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">info</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">"子块数量: </span><span class="si">{</span><span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">child_chunks</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="c1"># 返回所有子块列表</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">child_chunks</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="vm">__name__</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">'__main__'</span><span class="p">:</span>

    <span class="n">chunks</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">process_documents</span><span class="p">(</span>
        <span class="s1">'/app/data/enterprise_data'</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="n">conf</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">PARENT_CHUNK_SIZE</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="n">conf</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CHILD_CHUNK_SIZE</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="n">conf</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CHUNK_OVERLAP</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">chunks</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="_3">二、说明<a class="headerlink" href="#_3" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
<ul>
<li><strong>文档加载</strong>：支持多种格式（如<code>.txt</code>、<code>.pdf</code>），使用专用加载器处理复杂文档。</li>
<li><strong>分层切分</strong>：采用<code>ChineseRecursiveTextSplitter</code>生成父块和子块，优化中文文本处理。</li>
<li><strong>元数据管理</strong>：为每个块添加唯一ID、来源和时间戳，便于检索和溯源。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="_4">本章小结<a class="headerlink" href="#_4" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
<p><code>document_processor</code>模块为企业知识库RAG系统提供了以下核心支持：</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>文档处理</strong>：实现多格式文档的高效加载和分块。</li>
<li><strong>图片或表格</strong>：采用paddleOCR实现高效识别。</li>
</ul>


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