zengli
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coding-agent


			
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  <h1>6.3 基于 FastAPI 的 FAQ 与知识库查询接口</h1>

<h2 id="_1">学习目标：<a class="headerlink" href="#_1" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
<ul>
<li>理解如何基于 FastAPI 构建高效的问答系统 API 接口。</li>
<li>掌握 WebSocket 流式输出和 HTTP 接口的实现，优化用户交互体验。</li>
<li>学习前后端交互、前端静态文件服务以及日常问候处理的集成。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="_2">一、查询流程图<a class="headerlink" href="#_2" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
<p><code>app.py</code> 是对 <code>new_main.py</code> 的进一步优化，基于 FastAPI 框架构建了 RESTful API 和 WebSocket 接口，集成了 MySQL FAQ 和 RAG 系统，支持流式输出、对话历史管理和日常问候处理。同时，通过静态文件服务支持前端页面交互，适用于知识库场景下的实时问答系统。</p>
<p>以下是基于 FastAPI 的问答系统查询流程图，展示从前端请求到后端响应的处理逻辑。</p>
<div align="center"><img src="../img/lc_03.png" style="zoom:80%"><img></div>

<h2 id="_3">二、流程说明<a class="headerlink" href="#_3" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
<ol>
<li>
<p><strong>请求接收</strong>：前端通过 HTTP POST (<code>/api/query</code>) 或 WebSocket (<code>/api/stream</code>) 发送查询请求，包含查询内容 (<code>query</code>)、知识域过滤 (<code>source_filter</code>) 和会话 ID (<code>session_id</code>)。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>日常问候处理</strong>：检查查询是否为日常问候（如“你好”），若匹配则返回模板化回复。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>BM25 搜索</strong>：使用 BM25 算法搜索 MySQL 知识库，设置相似度阈值 0.85。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>答案判断</strong>:</p>
</li>
<li>若找到可靠答案（相似度 &gt; 0.85），通过 HTTP 一次性返回或 WebSocket 流式返回。</li>
<li>若无可靠答案且需要 RAG，HTTP 接口提示使用 WebSocket，WebSocket 接口流式返回 RAG 答案。</li>
<li>
<p>若无需 RAG，返回“未找到答案”。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>历史更新</strong>：将查询和答案存入 MySQL 的 <code>conversations</code> 表，保留最近 5 轮对话。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>响应输出</strong>：HTTP 返回 JSON 格式响应，WebSocket 流式发送 JSON 数据（包含 <code>start</code>、<code>token</code>、<code>end</code> 或 <code>error</code> 类型）。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="_4">三、代码介绍<a class="headerlink" href="#_4" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
<p>以下是 <code>app.py</code> 的完整代码，包含逐行注释，详细解析功能与实现逻辑。</p>
<h3 id="1">1 导入必备的工具包<a class="headerlink" href="#1" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1"># 导入 FastAPI 相关模块，用于构建 API 和 WebSocket</span>
<span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">fastapi</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">FastAPI</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">WebSocket</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">HTTPException</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Query</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Depends</span>
<span class="c1"># 导入 FastAPI 响应类型，用于流式响应和文件服务</span>
<span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">fastapi.responses</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">StreamingResponse</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">FileResponse</span>
<span class="c1"># 导入 CORS 中间件，支持跨域请求</span>
<span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">fastapi.middleware.cors</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">CORSMiddleware</span>
<span class="c1"># 导入静态文件服务模块</span>
<span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">fastapi.staticfiles</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">StaticFiles</span>
<span class="c1"># 导入 WebSocket 断开异常</span>
<span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">starlette.websockets</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">WebSocketDisconnect</span>
<span class="c1"># 导入系统操作模块，用于文件目录管理</span>
<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">os</span>
<span class="c1"># 导入 Pydantic 模型，用于请求验证</span>
<span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">pydantic</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">BaseModel</span>
<span class="c1"># 导入异步事件循环模块</span>
<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">asyncio</span>
<span class="c1"># 导入 JSON 处理模块</span>
<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">json</span>
<span class="c1"># 导入 UUID 模块，生成唯一会话 ID</span>
<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">uuid</span>
<span class="c1"># 导入类型注解模块</span>
<span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">typing</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">List</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Dict</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Any</span>
<span class="c1"># 导入时间模块，记录处理时间</span>
<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">time</span>
<span class="c1"># 导入正则表达式模块，用于匹配日常问候</span>
<span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">re</span>
<span class="c1"># 导入优化后的问答系统</span>
<span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">new_main</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">IntegratedQASystem</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="2-fastapi">2 创建 FastAPI 应用并配置<a class="headerlink" href="#2-fastapi" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
<ul>
<li>创建 FastAPI 实例并配置 CORS 和静态文件服务。</li>
<li><strong>功能</strong>：初始化 FastAPI 应用，允许跨域请求，挂载静态文件目录。</li>
<li><strong>关键点</strong>：CORS 配置在生产环境中需限制域名，静态文件服务支持前端页面。</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1"># 创建 FastAPI 应用实例，设置标题和描述</span>
<span class="n">app</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">FastAPI</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"问答系统API"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">description</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"集成MySQL和RAG的智能问答系统"</span><span class="p">)</span>

<span class="c1"># 配置 CORS 中间件，允许跨域请求</span>
<span class="n">app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_middleware</span><span class="p">(</span>
    <span class="n">CORSMiddleware</span><span class="p">,</span>
    <span class="n">allow_origins</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"*"</span><span class="p">],</span>  <span class="c1"># 允许所有来源（生产环境需限制）</span>
    <span class="n">allow_credentials</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>  <span class="c1"># 允许凭证</span>
    <span class="n">allow_methods</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"*"</span><span class="p">],</span>  <span class="c1"># 允许所有 HTTP 方法</span>
    <span class="n">allow_headers</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"*"</span><span class="p">],</span>  <span class="c1"># 允许所有头部</span>
<span class="p">)</span>

<span class="c1"># 创建静态文件目录（如果不存在）</span>
<span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">makedirs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"static"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">exist_ok</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>

<span class="c1"># 创建全局问答系统实例</span>
<span class="n">qa_system</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">IntegratedQASystem</span><span class="p">()</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="3">3 定义日常问候模式<a class="headerlink" href="#3" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
<ul>
<li>定义问候语正则匹配模式和回复。</li>
<li><strong>功能</strong>：快速响应常见问候，提升用户体验。</li>
<li><strong>关键点</strong>：使用正则表达式匹配，支持大小写无关匹配。</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1"># 定义日常问候用语模式和回复</span>
<span class="n">GREETING_PATTERNS</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
    <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="s2">"pattern"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="sa">r</span><span class="s2">"^(你好|您好|hi|hello)"</span><span class="p">,</span>  <span class="c1"># 匹配问候语</span>
        <span class="s2">"response"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"你好！我是企业知识库助手，专注于为员工答疑解惑，很高兴为你服务！"</span>
    <span class="p">},</span>
    <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="s2">"pattern"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="sa">r</span><span class="s2">"^(你是谁|您是谁|你叫什么|你的名字|who are you)"</span><span class="p">,</span>  <span class="c1"># 匹配身份询问</span>
        <span class="s2">"response"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"我是企业知识库助手，致力于提供企业制度、IT服务、财务报销、合同流程和产品资料等内部知识解答！"</span>
    <span class="p">},</span>
    <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="s2">"pattern"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="sa">r</span><span class="s2">"^(在吗|在不在|有人吗)"</span><span class="p">,</span>  <span class="c1"># 匹配在线确认</span>
        <span class="s2">"response"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"我在！我是企业知识库助手，随时为你解答问题！"</span>
    <span class="p">},</span>
    <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="s2">"pattern"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="sa">r</span><span class="s2">"^(干嘛呢|你在干嘛|做什么)"</span><span class="p">,</span>  <span class="c1"># 匹配状态询问</span>
        <span class="s2">"response"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"我正在待命，随时为你检索和解答企业内部知识库问题！有什么我可以帮你的？"</span>
    <span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">]</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="4">4 定义请求和响应模型<a class="headerlink" href="#4" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
<ul>
<li>使用 Pydantic 定义请求和响应数据结构。</li>
<li><strong>功能</strong>：规范 API 输入和输出格式，确保数据验证。</li>
<li><strong>关键点</strong>：支持可选字段，方便扩展。</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1"># 定义查询请求模型</span>
<span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">QueryRequest</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">BaseModel</span><span class="p">):</span>
    <span class="n">query</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span>  <span class="c1"># 查询内容，必填</span>
    <span class="n">source_filter</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>  <span class="c1"># 知识域过滤，可选</span>
    <span class="n">session_id</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span>  <span class="c1"># 会话 ID，可选</span>

<span class="c1"># 定义查询响应模型</span>
<span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">QueryResponse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">BaseModel</span><span class="p">):</span>
    <span class="n">answer</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span>  <span class="c1"># 答案内容</span>
    <span class="n">is_streaming</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">bool</span>  <span class="c1"># 是否流式响应</span>
    <span class="n">session_id</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span>  <span class="c1"># 会话 ID</span>
    <span class="n">processing_time</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">float</span>  <span class="c1"># 处理时间</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="5">5 挂载静态文件服务<a class="headerlink" href="#5" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
<ul>
<li>挂载静态文件目录并设置根路径。</li>
<li><strong>功能</strong>：服务前端 HTML 文件，支持交互页面。</li>
<li><strong>关键点</strong>：根路径重定向到 <code>index.html</code>。</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1"># 挂载静态文件目录，服务前端文件</span>
<span class="n">app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mount</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"/static"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">StaticFiles</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">directory</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"static"</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"static"</span><span class="p">)</span>

<span class="c1"># 根路径重定向到 index.html</span>
<span class="nd">@app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"/"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">read_root</span><span class="p">():</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">FileResponse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"static/index.html"</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="6">6 创建新会话<a class="headerlink" href="#6" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
<ul>
<li>(<code>/api/create_session</code>) 接口</li>
<li><strong>功能</strong>：生成新的唯一会话 ID。</li>
<li><strong>关键点</strong>：使用 UUID 确保唯一性。</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1"># 创建新会话接口</span>
<span class="nd">@app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"/api/create_session"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">create_session</span><span class="p">():</span>
    <span class="n">session_id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">uuid</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">uuid4</span><span class="p">())</span>  <span class="c1"># 生成唯一会话 ID</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"session_id"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">session_id</span><span class="p">}</span>  <span class="c1"># 返回会话 ID</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="7">7 查询历史消息<a class="headerlink" href="#7" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
<ul>
<li>(<code>/api/history/{session_id}</code>) 接口</li>
<li><strong>功能</strong>：获取指定会话的历史记录。</li>
<li><strong>关键点</strong>：异常处理确保接口健壮性。</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1"># 查询历史消息接口</span>
<span class="nd">@app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"/api/history/</span><span class="si">{session_id}</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">get_history</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">session_id</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">):</span>
    <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
        <span class="c1"># 获取指定会话的历史记录</span>
        <span class="n">history</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">qa_system</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_session_history</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">session_id</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="c1"># 返回会话 ID 和历史记录</span>
        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"session_id"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">session_id</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"history"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">history</span><span class="p">}</span>
    <span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">Exception</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
        <span class="c1"># 抛出 HTTP 异常，包含错误信息</span>
        <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="n">HTTPException</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">status_code</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">500</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">detail</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">"获取历史记录失败: </span><span class="si">{</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="8">8 清除历史消息<a class="headerlink" href="#8" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
<ul>
<li>(<code>/api/history/{session_id}</code>) 接口</li>
<li><strong>功能</strong>：删除指定会话的所有历史记录。</li>
<li><strong>关键点</strong>：返回操作状态，异常处理确保健壮性。</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1"># 清除历史消息接口</span>
<span class="nd">@app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">delete</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"/api/history/</span><span class="si">{session_id}</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">clear_history</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">session_id</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">):</span>
    <span class="c1"># 清除指定会话的历史记录</span>
    <span class="n">success</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">qa_system</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">clear_session_history</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">session_id</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">success</span><span class="p">:</span>
        <span class="c1"># 返回成功状态</span>
        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"status"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"success"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"message"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"历史记录已清除"</span><span class="p">}</span>
    <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
        <span class="c1"># 抛出 HTTP 异常</span>
        <span class="k">raise</span> <span class="n">HTTPException</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">status_code</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">500</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">detail</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"清除历史记录失败"</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="9">9 检查日常问候<a class="headerlink" href="#9" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
<ul>
<li>(<code>check_greeting</code>) 函数</li>
<li><strong>功能</strong>：检查查询是否匹配日常问候，返回模板化回复。</li>
<li><strong>关键点</strong>：正则匹配支持大小写无关，简化交互逻辑。</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1"># 检查是否为日常问候用语并返回模板回复</span>
<span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">check_greeting</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="n">Optional</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">]:</span>
    <span class="n">query_text</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">query</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="p">()</span>  <span class="c1"># 去除首尾空格</span>
    <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">pattern_info</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">GREETING_PATTERNS</span><span class="p">:</span>
        <span class="c1"># 使用正则匹配，忽略大小写</span>
        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">re</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">match</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pattern_info</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"pattern"</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">query_text</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">re</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">IGNORECASE</span><span class="p">):</span>
            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">pattern_info</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"response"</span><span class="p">]</span>  <span class="c1"># 返回匹配的回复</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="kc">None</span>  <span class="c1"># 无匹配返回 None</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="10">10 非流式查询接口<a class="headerlink" href="#10" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
<ul>
<li>(<code>/api/query</code>) 接口</li>
<li><strong>功能</strong>：处理非流式查询，支持 MySQL 答案和日常问候，提示使用 WebSocket 获取 RAG 流式答案。</li>
<li><strong>关键点</strong>：返回 JSON 格式响应，记录处理时间。</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1"># 非流式查询接口</span>
<span class="nd">@app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"/api/query"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">QueryRequest</span><span class="p">):</span>
    <span class="n">start_time</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">()</span>  <span class="c1"># 记录开始时间</span>
    <span class="c1"># 使用请求中的 session_id 或生成新 ID</span>
    <span class="n">session_id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">session_id</span> <span class="ow">or</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">uuid</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">uuid4</span><span class="p">())</span>
    <span class="c1"># 检查是否为日常问候</span>
    <span class="n">greeting_response</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">check_greeting</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">greeting_response</span><span class="p">:</span>
        <span class="c1"># 返回问候回复</span>
        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">{</span>
            <span class="s2">"answer"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">greeting_response</span><span class="p">,</span>
            <span class="s2">"is_streaming"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span>
            <span class="s2">"session_id"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">session_id</span><span class="p">,</span>
            <span class="s2">"processing_time"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">start_time</span>
        <span class="p">}</span>
    <span class="c1"># 执行 BM25 搜索</span>
    <span class="n">answer</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">need_rag</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">qa_system</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bm25_search</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">search</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">threshold</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.85</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">need_rag</span><span class="p">:</span>
        <span class="c1"># 需要 RAG，提示使用 WebSocket</span>
        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">{</span>
            <span class="s2">"answer"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"请使用WebSocket接口获取流式响应"</span><span class="p">,</span>
            <span class="s2">"is_streaming"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
            <span class="s2">"session_id"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">session_id</span><span class="p">,</span>
            <span class="s2">"processing_time"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">start_time</span>
        <span class="p">}</span>
    <span class="c1"># 返回 MySQL 答案</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">{</span>
        <span class="s2">"answer"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">answer</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s2">"is_streaming"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s2">"session_id"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">session_id</span><span class="p">,</span>
        <span class="s2">"processing_time"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">start_time</span>
    <span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="11-websocket">11 流式查询 WebSocket 接口<a class="headerlink" href="#11-websocket" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
<ul>
<li>(<code>/api/stream</code>) 接口</li>
<li><strong>功能</strong>：通过 WebSocket 提供流式查询，支持 RAG 答案、日常问候和错误处理。</li>
<li><strong>关键点</strong>：发送 <code>start</code>、<code>token</code>、<code>end</code> 或 <code>error</code> 类型的 JSON 消息，异步处理确保实时性。</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1"># 流式查询 WebSocket 接口</span>
<span class="nd">@app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">websocket</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"/api/stream"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">websocket_endpoint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">websocket</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">WebSocket</span><span class="p">):</span>
    <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">websocket</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">accept</span><span class="p">()</span>  <span class="c1"># 接受 WebSocket 连接</span>
    <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
        <span class="k">while</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">:</span>
            <span class="c1"># 接收客户端消息</span>
            <span class="n">data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">websocket</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">receive_text</span><span class="p">()</span>
            <span class="n">request_data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">json</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">loads</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">)</span>  <span class="c1"># 解析 JSON 数据</span>
            <span class="c1"># 获取查询参数</span>
            <span class="n">query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">request_data</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"query"</span><span class="p">)</span>
            <span class="n">source_filter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">request_data</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"source_filter"</span><span class="p">)</span>
            <span class="n">session_id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">request_data</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"session_id"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">uuid</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">uuid4</span><span class="p">()))</span>
            <span class="n">start_time</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">()</span>  <span class="c1"># 记录开始时间</span>
            <span class="c1"># 发送开始标志</span>
            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">websocket</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">client_state</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">websocket</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">client_state</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CONNECTED</span><span class="p">:</span>
                <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">websocket</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">send_json</span><span class="p">({</span>
                    <span class="s2">"type"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"start"</span><span class="p">,</span>
                    <span class="s2">"session_id"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">session_id</span>
                <span class="p">})</span>
            <span class="c1"># 检查是否为日常问候</span>
            <span class="n">greeting_response</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">check_greeting</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">)</span>
            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">greeting_response</span><span class="p">:</span>
                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">websocket</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">client_state</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">websocket</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">client_state</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CONNECTED</span><span class="p">:</span>
                    <span class="c1"># 发送问候回复</span>
                    <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">websocket</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">send_json</span><span class="p">({</span>
                        <span class="s2">"type"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"token"</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s2">"token"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">greeting_response</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s2">"session_id"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">session_id</span>
                    <span class="p">})</span>
                    <span class="c1"># 发送结束标志</span>
                    <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">websocket</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">send_json</span><span class="p">({</span>
                        <span class="s2">"type"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"end"</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s2">"session_id"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">session_id</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s2">"is_complete"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s2">"processing_time"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">start_time</span>
                    <span class="p">})</span>
                <span class="k">break</span>
            <span class="c1"># 调用问答系统，流式处理查询</span>
            <span class="n">collected_answer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">""</span>
            <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">token</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">is_complete</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">qa_system</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">source_filter</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">source_filter</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">session_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">session_id</span><span class="p">):</span>
                <span class="n">collected_answer</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">token</span>  <span class="c1"># 累积答案</span>
                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">is_complete</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">collected_answer</span><span class="p">:</span>
                    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">websocket</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">client_state</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">websocket</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">client_state</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CONNECTED</span><span class="p">:</span>
                        <span class="c1"># 发送结束标志</span>
                        <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">websocket</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">send_json</span><span class="p">({</span>
                            <span class="s2">"type"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"end"</span><span class="p">,</span>
                            <span class="s2">"session_id"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">session_id</span><span class="p">,</span>
                            <span class="s2">"is_complete"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
                            <span class="s2">"processing_time"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">start_time</span>
                        <span class="p">})</span>
                    <span class="k">break</span>
                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">token</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">websocket</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">client_state</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">websocket</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">client_state</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CONNECTED</span><span class="p">:</span>
                    <span class="c1"># 发送 token 数据</span>
                    <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">websocket</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">send_json</span><span class="p">({</span>
                        <span class="s2">"type"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"token"</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s2">"token"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">token</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="s2">"session_id"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">session_id</span>
                    <span class="p">})</span>
                <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">is_complete</span><span class="p">:</span>
                    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">websocket</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">client_state</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">websocket</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">client_state</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CONNECTED</span><span class="p">:</span>
                        <span class="c1"># 发送结束标志</span>
                        <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">websocket</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">send_json</span><span class="p">({</span>
                            <span class="s2">"type"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"end"</span><span class="p">,</span>
                            <span class="s2">"session_id"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">session_id</span><span class="p">,</span>
                            <span class="s2">"is_complete"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span>
                            <span class="s2">"processing_time"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">time</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">start_time</span>
                        <span class="p">})</span>
                    <span class="k">break</span>
                <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">asyncio</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">0.01</span><span class="p">)</span>  <span class="c1"># 控制流式输出的速度</span>
    <span class="k">except</span> <span class="n">WebSocketDisconnect</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
        <span class="c1"># 记录 WebSocket 断开信息</span>
        <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">"WebSocket disconnected: code=</span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">code</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">, reason=</span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reason</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">Exception</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
        <span class="c1"># 记录错误信息</span>
        <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">"WebSocket error: </span><span class="si">{</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">websocket</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">client_state</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">websocket</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">client_state</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CONNECTED</span><span class="p">:</span>
            <span class="c1"># 发送错误消息</span>
            <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">websocket</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">send_json</span><span class="p">({</span>
                <span class="s2">"type"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"error"</span><span class="p">,</span>
                <span class="s2">"error"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span>
            <span class="p">})</span>
    <span class="k">finally</span><span class="p">:</span>
        <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span>
            <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">websocket</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">client_state</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">websocket</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">client_state</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CONNECTED</span><span class="p">:</span>
                <span class="c1"># 关闭 WebSocket 连接</span>
                <span class="k">await</span> <span class="n">websocket</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
        <span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">Exception</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span>
            <span class="c1"># 记录关闭连接时的错误</span>
            <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">"Error closing WebSocket: </span><span class="si">{</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="12">12 健康检查接口<a class="headerlink" href="#12" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
<ul>
<li>(<code>/health</code>) 接口</li>
<li><strong>功能</strong>：提供健康检查端点，确认服务状态。</li>
<li><strong>关键点</strong>：简单可靠，适合监控系统可用性。</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1"># 健康检查接口</span>
<span class="nd">@app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"/health"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">health_check</span><span class="p">():</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"status"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"healthy"</span><span class="p">}</span>  <span class="c1"># 返回健康状态</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="13">13 获取知识域<a class="headerlink" href="#13" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
<ul>
<li>(<code>/api/sources</code>) 接口</li>
<li><strong>功能</strong>：返回系统支持的知识域。</li>
<li><strong>关键点</strong>：便于前端动态展示过滤选项。</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1"># 获取有效知识域接口</span>
<span class="nd">@app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"/api/sources"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">get_sources</span><span class="p">():</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"sources"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">qa_system</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">config</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">VALID_SOURCES</span><span class="p">}</span>  <span class="c1"># 返回知识域列表</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="14-fastapi">14 启动 FastAPI 服务<a class="headerlink" href="#14-fastapi" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
<ul>
<li>主程序入口</li>
<li><strong>功能</strong>：使用 Uvicorn 运行 FastAPI 应用。</li>
<li><strong>关键点</strong>：配置主机和端口，支持生产环境部署。</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1"># 主程序入口</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="vm">__name__</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">"__main__"</span><span class="p">:</span>

    <span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">uvicorn</span>

    <span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">os</span>
    <span class="c1"># 从环境变量获取主机和端口，默认值为 0.0.0.0:8080</span>
    <span class="n">host</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getenv</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'HOST'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'0.0.0.0'</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="n">port</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getenv</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'PORT'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">8080</span><span class="p">))</span>

    <span class="c1"># 运行 FastAPI 应用，监听指定的主机和端口</span>
    <span class="n">uvicorn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">run</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"app:app"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">host</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">host</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">port</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">port</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">reload</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="_5">章节小结<a class="headerlink" href="#_5" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
<p>本章展示了基于 FastAPI 的 <code>app.py</code>，通过 RESTful API 和 WebSocket 接口实现了高效的问答系统。系统集成了 MySQL FAQ 和 RAG 的查询功能，支持流式输出、对话历史管理和日常问候处理，结合静态文件服务实现了前后端交互，配备健壮的错误处理和日志记录，适合知识库场景下的实时问答需求。</p>


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